Personifying Eriksons Theory Essay - 872 Words

Personifying Erikson’s Theory Erik Erikson was a prominent American psychologist that created many theories about human development and social growth. Erikson produced a stage model based upon the premise that a person lives in the social world and that personality is formed based upon the social interactions that a person experiences. He describes a series of development crises that a person must face throughout the lifespan. Erikson’s theory can be applied to â€Å"The King of Pop†, Michael Jackson. Many stages of Erikson’s psychosocial theory failed in Michael Jackson’s life. The results of Jackson not successful completing these stages lead him to be mentally deranged. Born August 29, 1958 had a normal infancy and toddler years,†¦show more content†¦As an adolescent Michael Jackson made appeared in a movie â€Å"The Whiz† and released his first solo album â€Å"Off The Wall†. His album swept the country topping the charts. He toured the country, show after sh ow, promoting for his album. In addition to his album, at this age he wrote songs with legends like Stevie Wonder and Quincy Jones. In Erik Erikson’s theory Jackson was in the Identity vs. Role Diffusion stage. Jackson was supposed to discovering himself and his interest. While touring the country and constantly performing how could Jackson identify interests? Erikson points out failure of this stage could result in being influenced by circumstances rather than from awareness. The failure of this stage appears later in Jackson’s life when he relies on others to help him make important life decisions. The next stage in Erik Erikson’s theory is Intimacy vs. Isolation. During this time a young adult expands from family and peers to the task of creating one’s own intimate relationships and sense of belonging in the world of peers. Michael Jackson tried to develop this but miserably failed. His first notable relationship was in 1984 with actress/model, Brooke Shields. The next person Jackson entered a relationship with was Lisa Marie Presley, the daughter of Elvis Presley. Though the marriage only lasted two years, they remained friends. Lisa gave Jackson what he never really had and that was a genuine friend. His lastShow MoreRelated Grief Patterns in Children Essay4432 Words   |  18 Pageshow behaviors affect the way in which we interact with others, we are discovering new ways to approach and view the mental processes of a human and apply them to how a person grieves that loss. But while oft times those assumptions, hypothesis, and theories are made by adults for adults, the child is a more difficult subject in which to study since it has not achieved its mature mental capabilities. For the adult, a full and eventful life is the predecessor of a grasp of what life and death actually

What is an Isothermal Process in Physics

The science of physics studies objects and systems to measure their motions, temperatures, and other physical characteristics. It can be applied to anything from single-celled organisms to mechanical systems to planets, stars, and galaxies and the processes that govern them. Within physics,  thermodynamics is a branch that concentrates on changes  of energy (heat) in the properties of a system during any physical or chemical reaction.   The isothermal process, which is thermodynamic process in which the temperature of a system remains constant. The transfer of heat into or out of the system happens so slowly that  thermal equilibrium is maintained. Thermal is a term that describes the heat of a system. Iso means equal, so isothermal means equal heat, which is what defines thermal equilibrium. The Isothermal Process In general, during an isothermal process there is a change in internal energy, heat energy, and work, even though the temperature remains the same. Something in the system works to maintain that equal temperature. One simple ideal example is the Carnot Cycle, which basically describes how a heat engine works by supplying heat to a gas. As a result, the gas expands in a cylinder, and that pushes a piston to do some work. The heat or gas has to then be pushed out of the cylinder (or dumped) so that the next heat/expansion cycle can take place. This is what happens inside a car engine, for example. If this cycle is completely efficient, the process is isothermal because the temperature is kept constant while pressure changes.   To understand the basics of the isothermal process, consider the action of gases in a system. The internal energy of an ideal gas depends solely on the temperature, so the change in internal energy during an isothermal process for an ideal gas is also 0. In such a system, all heat added to a system (of gas) performs work to maintain the isothermal process, as long as the pressure remains constant. Essentially, when considering an ideal gas, work done  on the system to maintain the temperature means that the volume of the gas must decrease as the pressure on the system increases.   Isothermal Processes and States of Matter Isothermal processes are many and varied. Evaporation of water into the air is one, as is the boiling of water at a specific boiling point. There are also many chemical reactions that maintain thermal equilibrium, and in biology, the interactions of a cell with its surrounding cells (or other matter) are said to be an isothermal process.  Ã‚   Evaporation, melting, and boiling, are also phase changes. That is, they are changes to water (or other fluids or gases) that take place at constant temperature and pressure.   Charting an Isothermal Process In physics, charting such reactions and processes is done using diagrams (graphs). In a phase diagram, an isothermal process is charted by following a vertical line (or plane, in a 3D phase diagram) along a constant temperature. The pressure and volume can change in order to maintain the temperature of the system. As they do change, it is possible for a substance to change its state of matter even while its temperature remains constant. Thus, the evaporation of water as it boils means that the temperature stays the same as the system changes pressure and volume. This is then charted with the temperating staying constant along the diagram.   What it all Means When scientists study isothermal processes in systems, they are really examining heat and energy and the connection between them and the mechanical energy it takes to change or maintain the temperature of a system. Such understanding helps biologists study how living beings regulate their temperatures. It also comes into play in engineering, space science, planetary science, geology, and many other branches of science. Thermodynamic power cycles (and thus isothermal processes) are the basic idea behind heat engines. Humans use these devices to power electrical generating plants and, as mentioned above, cars, trucks, planes, and other vehicles. In addition, such systems exist on rockets and spacecraft.  Engineers apply principles of thermal management (in other words, temperature management) to increase the efficiency of these systems and processes.   Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Consolation Behavior Should Be Observed Outside Of Species...

Consolation behavior entails as an increase in comforting contact in response to and directed toward a distressed individual by an uninvolved bystander, which produces a calming effect (Zahn-Waxler et al., 1992; De Waal Van Roomalen, 1979). Observations of consolation behavior in animals such as elephants have led to the conclusion that consolation behavior may require advanced cognitive capacities (Plotnik De Waal, 2014). However, the current study sought to investigate if consolation behavior could be observed outside of species with advanced cognition, such as in a rodent species. Such an observation would suggest that consolation behavior relies on less cognitive capacities and may be variably expressed in species due to their species-specific evolutionary context (Burkett et al., 2016). Researchers decided to use the rodent species of the prairie vole and the meadow vole in their study. This was done because the social traits of the prairie vole, i.e. being socially monogamous and biparental, often coevolve with other cooperative behaviors that increase direct or indirect fitness, including social buffering among colony members (Burkett et al., 2016). The meadow vole, in contrast, are promiscuous breeders with no formal social structure. Thus, Burkett and colleagues offered the following three hypotheses. Firstly, they hypothesized that if both voles are placed under reproducible laboratory conditions, then the prairie vole will show consolation behavior while the

Theories Of Leadership And Leadership Theory Essay

EVALUATE ANY TWO CONTEMPORARY THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP. Traditional theories of leadership were more concentrated on behaviours and traits of leaders, and how they affect subordinates in the workplace. Then came contingency theories, which took into account situational/contextual factors. Newer theories have come up, which introduced the idea that leader-subordinate relationships are individually different. These newer theories are Contemporary theories of leadership. They include Leader-Member exchange Theory, Implicit Leadership Theory and Transformational Leadership Theory. In this paper, I shall examine Leader Member Exchange Theory and Implicit Leadership Theory. The Leader Member Exchange theory (LMX) introduces a new approach to leadership models with the view of leadership as a reciprocal interaction between leaders and their subordinates. It initiates the importance of communication in leadership. LMX deals with the ways in which the leader-subordinate relationship affects the leadership process. The relationship between the leader-subordinate pair, which is referred to as a dyad, is considered separately for each pair, because leaders behave differently with each subordinate. Central to this theory is that leaders have different relationships with different subordinates which leads to the subordinates being placed in two categories; the in-group and the out-group. Subordinates in the in-group have good relationships with the leader. The relationship isShow MoreRelatedTheories Of Leadership And Leadership Theories1234 Words   |  5 Pagesthat they lead. This case study aims to compare three of the more popular theories of leadership. These leadership theories are situational leadership, trait theory and transformational leadership. Summary of Theories Situational leadership, developed by professor Paul Hersey and author and consultant Ken Blanchard. Their approach was based off of a 1967 article by W.J. Reddin called The 3-D Management Style Theory. In his article, Reddin discusses the need to have different styles basedRead MoreLeadership Theory And Leadership Theories1659 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Leadership is not about a title or a designation. It s about impact, influence and inspiration. Impact involves getting results, influence is about spreading the passion you have for your work, and you have to inspire team-mates and customers.†- Robin S. Sharma. For decades, leadership theories have been the source of numerous studies. In reality as well as in practice, many have tried to define what allows authentic leaders to stand apart from the mass! Hence, there as many theories on leadershipRead MoreLeadership And Its Theory Of Leadership883 Words   |  4 Pages Leadership Leadership has been around for thousands of years, yet experts are still unable to agree on a universal definition. Perhaps it is because leadership is a complex, multidimensional concept that continuously evolves. Nevertheless, explaining leadership and its theories and approaches is a monumental task (Henman, n.d.). According to Day and Antonakis (2012), leadership is essentially an influencing process. Its effectiveness largely depends on leadership behaviors and followers perceptionsRead MoreThe Theory Of Leadership Theory940 Words   |  4 PagesChapter sixteen discusses various leadership theories which can implemented by leaders to achieve success. The choice of leadership theory differs from leader to leader as they possess different vision and way of managing. A theory isn t always perfect in itself, it is the endless effort of the leaders which makes the theory a perfect one. Two approaches of leadership that I prefer are Situational Leadership Theory and Servant Leadership Theory. Among many theories I prefer these two because I tendRead MoreThe Theory Of Leadership Theory868 Words   |  4 PagesChapter sixteen discusses various leadership theories which can implemented by leaders to achieve success. The choice of leadership theory differs from leader to leader as they possess diff erent vision and way of managing. A theory isn t always perfect in itself, it is the endless effort of the leaders which makes the theory a perfect one. Two approaches of leadership that I prefer are Situational Leadership Theory and Servant Leadership Theory. Among many theories I prefer these two because I tendRead MoreTheories Of Leadership And Leadership974 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of Leadership Introduction It is true that leadership and leadership theories in general, are not scientifically precise in nature. For example, some may argue that going into an apprentice program have a higher level of task-relevance education and/or experience in the field you choose. A higher relevance than a degree in Liberal Arts. Thus, one must evaluate the apprentice program and accept the responsibility of doing the apprentice work. A degree in Liberal Arts scientifically, isRead MoreThe Theory Of Leadership Theory1411 Words   |  6 Pages I do not believe that there is such thing as a correct leadership theory, there I said it, I’ve been holding it in an jesus does it feel great to get it out. Haha what I do believe in is awesome people, people who treat other people great and treat themselves and their business, foundation or institution great now that’s what I believe in. So in the sake of great leaders I will be taking on prompt number two and constructing my own theory by using 3 examples from the book and 6 sources that I willRead MoreSituational Leadership Theory Of Leadership1542 Words   |  7 Pagespowerful people? What do they have that the average person does not? Well, that answer is leadership skills. They did not know when they were born that they were going to become big leaders, but as they were growing up they learned what skills it took to allow them to become different from everyone else and become leaders. As we all know there is no magic when it comes to leadership. You either have the leadership skills or you don’t. While it is a learned behavior that begins at almost birth and isRead MoreLeadership Theories Of Situational Leadership866 Words   |  4 Pagesidea behind one of today’s most talked about leadership theories: Situational Leadership. The model, which celebrates a multitude of leadership styles instead of a single solution, has been considered a transformative and essential new way to manage and to lead. But what does it mean to be a situational leader? Is it always beneficial to change your approach to leading the troops? In this guide, we’ll examine the development of situational leadership, study its core elements and discover the qualitiesRead MoreSituational Leadership Theory Of Leadership Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesSituational leadership can be defined as a concept that helps understand leadership in terms of changing environment. Situational leadership theory was developed in 1969 by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard. This type of leadership depends upon each individual situation. This theory requires an individual to analyze the needs according to a particular situation and then act towards it. Ability or maturity of the followers are equally important than leader who leads the situation. Situational leadership theory

The Approach to Sustainability

Question: Discuss about the Approach to Sustainability. Answer: Introduction: Describing the approach to sustainability The approach to sustainability that has been chosen rests on four pillars of environment, society, economy and culture. Themes within the environmental pillar includes energy, air, water, solid waste and land use. The themes within the social pillar include education and learning, health, nutrition, eradicating poverty and homelessness and inclusion. Within the pillars of economy come the areas of economic development, community development, labour market and infrastructure development. Last but not the least is cultural pillar. It includes arts, creativity, active citizenship and diversity. By adopting these four areas an organisation can proceed on the path of holistic sustainable development. All these four disciplines are interconnected and equal emphasis has to be given on each of the pillars for bringing all around development (Vera and Langlois, 2007). Minimising resource use in an organisation Competent use of resources can be achieved by a systematic approach. The systematic approach calls for measuring and analysing resource usage at every step so as to decide where to carry on improvement. Next step is to plan, implement and evaluate the improvements. Finally entities have to sustain and build on the improvements. Some of the areas can be fuel consumption, energy consumption, water consumption and commitment to a systematic approach for minimising the resource use. Energy Efficient lighting system, efficient HVAC system and even installing automated systems for reducing energy use. Likewise water saving devices like low volume hose nozzles, aerators on taps, low flush toilets can save significant amount of water (Swart and Raes, 2007). Employees have to be encouraged to report any leakages and their suggestions need to be appreciated. Advantages of sustainability The advantages of sustainability are numerous. Firms practicing sustainability does get definite benefits in terms of reducing energy related costs, attracting new customers, availing tax incentives, boosting the morale of the workforce and eventual societal impact. Switching to energy efficient lighting, energy efficient HVCA and adopting environment friendly packaging does improve bottom line and help in reducing monthly bills. Adopting sustainable practices help in making a company more marketable. Present day consumers are more conscious and aware about green initiatives. Highlighting the sustainable initiatives by an organisation does help in attracting more customers and revenue. Different sops and reliefs are available to organisations that practice sustainability. Adopting sustainability helps a firm in availing exemptions and reliefs (Omer, 2008). Workplace procedure to sustainability Planning assumes a significant role in embedding sustainability into day to day functioning of an entity. The role of the leaders and managers assume a significant role in achieving sustainability. Sustainable practice comes from workforce planning, retention strategies, workplace culture and leading a culture of improvement. Enhancing sustainability does not always involve new procedures but also comes from improving the existing operational procedures. Managers and leaders have to lead the programme of sustainability. Sustainability procedures are not isolated and they need to be integrated to the business goals (Voss et al, 2006). Work force planning can help in employing the right people with the right skills that will help in maintaining goals of sustainability. In this vein retention strategy is a significant workplace procedure affecting the sustainability. High staff turnover has the potential to damage the reputation and jeopardise the social sustainability issues. Recognisi ng and rewarding contribution from the employees is a powerful retention strategy useful in promoting work place sustainability (Swart and Raes, 2007). Audit procedure for monitoring continuous improvement Audit procedure for monitoring energy consumption at the workplace has been enumerated in the section below: Readiness of reducing the consumption of water, air, gas electric and steam (WAGES) starts off from energy awareness. Awareness to energy consumption by adhering to ISO-50001 will be beneficial in energy compliance. Facility monitoring needs to b carried out that will help it to know energy demand and how the energy costs vary. Adopting a simple spreadsheet based model can be beneficial at the outset. Power control devices, energy efficient components and even motion control solutions like direct drive technology can reduce energy consumption significantly (Voss et al, 2006). Automaton has assumed a crucial role in harnessing production as well as energy efficiency. A systematic PDCA (Plan, Do, Check and Adjust) will go a long way in auditing and monitoring continuous improvement. Energy consumption audit requires the six key steps of establishing priority areas, continuous audit rules, determining process frequency, configuring parameters, following up and communicating results (Ver a and Langlois, 2007). One barrier that have to be overcome while implementing workplace procedures One of the prime barriers that stand in implementing energy efficient programmes at office premises is economic barrier. It may be difficult to access capital that may be needed in order to implement automated energy efficient system. High interest rate in borrowing capital is a possible deterring force in investing in energy efficient system. Imperfection in the financial market may also result in such practices. Since the energy efficient technology is not a part of the core production process investments in these areas are often neglected (Omer, 2007). As such proper blue print has to be drawn that identifies the potential sources of finance while implementing the sustainability program at the workplace. References: Omer, A. M. (2008). Energy, environment and sustainable development.Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,12(9), 2265-2300. Swart, R. O. B., Raes, F. (2007). Making integration of adaptation and mitigation work: mainstreaming into sustainable development policies?.Climate policy,7(4), 288-303. Vera, I., Langlois, L. (2007). Energy indicators for sustainable development.Energy,32(6), 875-882. Voss, J. P., Bauknecht, D., Kemp, R. (Eds.). (2006).Reflexive governance for sustainable development. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Beauty and the Beast Frankenstein free essay sample

Victoria Moran, a famous author, once said, â€Å"As a society, we need to get lots more flexible about what constitutes beauty. It isn’t a particular hair color or a particular body type; it’s the person who grew the hair and lives in the body. Keeping this in mind can only make things better. † A big problem in our society today is the importance of beauty. Victoria Moran is talking about how it shouldn’t matter how you look but how you are inside. The book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley compares to the movie Beauty and the Beast in that both contain the theme of the importance of beauty in society. These two works show the effect one’s looks have on the way a person fits into society. The movie Beauty and the Beast is a very good example of how beauty is very important in the eyes of society. In the beginning of the movie, an enchantress disguised as an old beggar woman comes to the prince’s castle. She asks to stay the night to get out of the storm and offers a single rose in return. The beast turns her away due to how ugly she is. The beggar woman turns into an enchantress and transforms the prince into a beast. According to the spell, â€Å"If he could learn to love another, and earn her love in return by the time the last petal fell, then the spell would be broken. If not, he would be doomed to remain a beast for all time. † The narrator continues, â€Å"As the years passed, he fell into despair and lost all hope. For who could ever learn to love a beast? † This beginning scene of the movie shows the role beauty plays. A prince turns down an old woman because of her looks, but when he realizes that she is really beautiful, it is too late. Also, the last line says, â€Å"For who could ever learn to love a beast,† which also shows that people just generally do not fall in love with hideous creatures. Later, when the beast captures an old man, the man’s daughter comes searching for him. The girl takes the place of her father and says she will stay with the beast forever. The girl is, of course, very beautiful; the most desired man in her town is in love with her, but though he is handsome on the outside, inside he is a terrible person. The beast automatically assumes that a woman as beautiful as Belle could never love someone as hideous as he. In the end Belle sees the real side of the beast and falls in love with him because of his personality and not his looks. The movie Beauty and the Beast is a very good example of how important beauty is to people, but in this case, it can be overlooked to see the true person. A book that illustrates this same point is Frankenstein. The first mention of beauty in the book comes when Victor’s â€Å"sister† Elizabeth is adopted. Victor’s mother visits a cottage and sees a beautiful girl among a bunch of homelier girls. The other girls are not necessarily ugly, but the young girl, Elizabeth, stands out because of her beauty and she is adopted because of her appearance. This scene is the first example of the role of beauty in the book. Later Victor creates a monster out of dead body parts and uses electricity to bring it back to life. The monster’s ugliness is so apparent that he cannot even function in society. When people see him, they throw rocks and sticks at him and shoot at him. At one point the monster asks Victor for a female companion, and Victor is afraid that if he makes a woman for the monster, the woman will be scared of the monster and run away. The ugliness of the monster is one of the most important aspects of the theme of ugliness, though Victor could be said to be ugly as well. Although Victor is beautiful on the outside, one might say that Victor is ugly inside because of the way he rejects and treats his creation. When the monster meets Victor and tells him all that has happened to him, he says to Victor, â€Å"Hateful day when I received life! Accursed creator! Why did you form a monster so hideous that even you turned from me in disgust? †(119) This quote shows the sad reality that even the creator of the monster turns from him because of his ugliness. Not only does the monster have no one in society to go to because he is lonely, but his own creator doesn’t want to be anywhere near him. Both Beauty and the Beast and Frankenstein deal with the theme of beauty in society. Although both are very similar in the idea, they are different as well. In Beauty and the Beast, a beautiful woman does learn to love the beast, whereas in Frankenstein, no one ever accepts the monster or loves him. In both Beauty and the Beast and Frankenstein, the women, Belle and Elizabeth, are beautiful. It can be argued that the beast never really does rove that he can look passed the outside characteristics; Belle is the one who looks into his true personality. Also, in Beauty and the Beast, the beast was once handsome and loved by many, but has made a mistake in judging by looks and has been turned ugly, even though in the end he becomes handsome again. The monster never has a say in the way he is created. He has no reason to be punished. The beast is being punished for cruelty based on looks; the monster is just created by a crazy scientist wanting to help the world. Finally, both works do a good job arguing the theme in different ways. In Beauty and the Beast, the theme of beauty is shown through the beast when he judges on looks, but has learned to love a beautiful woman and have her love him in return. In Frankenstein, the monster is born ugly and is rejected his whole life based on his looks. In Frankenstein the creature never has a happy ending. Also, another major difference between the two is that the beast expects people to be mean to him based on his looks, so he is mean to them, whereas the creature tries to reach out to the people and show compassion, but everyone is mean to him. The theme is greatly displayed in both, not one better than the other. Both Beauty and the Beast and Frankenstein show their own portrayals of beauty in society. Unfortunately, in the generation we live in, so much of how we fit in and are accepted relies on how we look. Beauty and the Beast and Frankenstein both show this idea very well and give different views on the same idea. Looking at the way people are treated, even if it is just fiction, opens eyes to how people should be treated in society. Although it would be very hard, or almost impossible, to get everyone to stop judging, more people should make an effort to see passed looks to enjoy the real person inside.