What Makes A Good Life - 1846 Words

Yuangang (Alex) Zhu Mr. Schultz Search for human potential 7 January 2015 How to Live a Good Life There are countless ways to define a good life. In fact, the word good includes happiness, success, and pleasure. In Buddhism, the four noble truths state that life is suffering, and the way to enlightenment is a path out of suffering, which can also be understood as the path leads to a good life. From the perspective of Greek philosophers, living a good life is mostly based on reasoning. The importance of reason in sensing life is evident in all phases of life. The reasoning makes humans unique, which leads us to think, explore, and discover. As Socrates and Plato’s ideas influence the development of humans, their thoughts include the truth that is similar to the Buddha’s. There is also works that show ideas that are similar and demonstrate how these ideas are true and universal in our daily life. Lessons from Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Seamus Heaney’s Beowulf, Hermann Hesse’s Siddhartha, and the classic Greek philosophical tradition tells man to lead a good life by examining the life for defects and acting to improve, treasure friendship that are important, and avoid excess when possible. To examine life for defects and make actions that will change the current situation for the better is one big part of how to live a good life, new goals in life or new requirements for oneself is very important as examples shown in Greek philosophy, Siddhartha, and Beowulf. Many times peopleShow MoreRelatedWhat Makes A Good Life?817 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to answer the question, â€Å"What is required to live a good life?†, Aristotle proposes that a good life for human would be the maximum realization of the function that was unique to humans. In my interpretation, Aristotle refers to a good life to an individual is communally self-sufficient, and a good life is related to other external forces. A person is considered to have a good life if he isn’t placed in any unfortunate circumstances such as illness or diseases or isolation. I don’t fullyRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Life?1259 Words   |  6 Pagesthis day and age hold on to our identities in the blur of people we meet and relationships we form as we try to discover the life we want to live on our travels? It is normal that we adapt as we move through life, but where does one cross the line, becoming someone completely different and losing themselves? It is my belief that one can only fully understand what the good life is if they fully understand themselves. To fully understand oneself, one must be true to oneself. I believe that people areRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Life?1274 Words   |  6 Pages What is considered a good life? Is it to have Wealth and be able to enjoy the materials? Is it to have fame and be praised by everyone? Everyone have their own opinions of good life which was shaped by their experience of living in the current society. Different region might influence people in different ways due to, its history, religion, philosophy, tradition, and customs. Someone living in Asia will have a different opinion of a good life then someone living in Canada. Good life c an also affectRead MoreWhat Makes Good Life?1100 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Good† is a broad term that can be interpreted in a variety of ways by each individual. By definition, it is a lack of self-centeredness. It means the ability to empathize with other people, to feel compassion for them, and to put their needs before your own. It means, if necessary, sacrificing your own well-being for the sake of others’. It means benevolence, altruism and selflessness, and self-sacrifice towards a greater cause. It means being able to see beyond the superficial difference of raceRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Life?1809 Words   |  8 Pagespursuit of a life stable enough to provide a certain degree of control and self-sufficiency while also remaining open to the possibility of circumstances which are not entirely under our control, such as love. To recognize the beauty of the mysteriousness and uniqueness associated with love, a force we cannot control, while also maintaining a certain degree of self-sufficiency may possibly allow us to live a good l ife with a love immune to tragedy. The idea of what constitutes the â€Å"good life† can be categorizedRead MoreWhat Makes Your Body Being Good Shape For Your Own Life?1722 Words   |  7 Pagesalways gain you respect. Be in control of your own life - You should be adept enough to control your own wellbeing and physical condition; no one else can do that for you. I know I mentioned this in the first chapter of this book though I wanted to talk a little more about the importance of your body being in good shape. I don’t mean making sure you are stick thin, I am talking about your strength. In terms of stamina, your body has to be in good shape for posing. (Believe it or not, it actually takesRead MoreHow Does Society Define A Good Life? Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesTo have a good life, one must aspire to obtain one. Many people aspire to lead a good life but they nearly never truly obtain one. Life has obstacles, which makes it difficult for a person to lead a good life. Living a good life would be, being able to sustain oneself as well as one’s family members with little to no struggle. Equally important, a person should be happy while leading this so called, â€Å"Good Life.† â€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living.† (Plato.) Knowing what makes you happy andRead MoreAnalysis Of Susan Wolfs Description Of The Moral Saint1421 Words   |  6 Pagesargument for her objection to the Moral Saint ideal is invalid. Wolf’s central criteria for one to be a moral saint, is to be an individual whose life is absolutely centered upon the pursuit of only moral virtues, interests, activities, and relationships exclusively for the maximum improvement of the welfare in others and society as a whole. An example of what Wolf’s moral saint would commit themselves and their time to, is instead of spending time reading books for their own benefit, like knowledgeRead MoreThe Good Life Is A Happy Life1510 Words   |  7 PagesThe good life is a happy life and is what everybody wants. But what does it mean to have a good life? Everybody has different ideas of a good life. By definition good life mean, balanced lifestyle accomplished goals and dreams that are beneficial to them or loved ones, an education, and stability through relationships, work and money. All are elements of good life, but as long as you are happy with yourself, you are having a good life. Life can be abounding in material comforts and luxuries. EverybodyRead MoreEssay on West Side Story731 Words   |  3 Pagesliving in America, as well as their beliefs and examples of living a good life. The expectations of what people consider the good life to be may vary on a person’s morals and their dreams of what life is truly about. In this movie, whether or not these characters were good people, lived a good life, or lived in a good society is a very controversial topic. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The characters of the West Side Story were not good people. The two gangs focused their lives on fighting with each

Customer Needs Essay - 1402 Words

Customer Needs In order to satisfy customers and to gain repeat business, it is essential that Morrisons satisfies their customer’s needs. Morrisons do this by providing the best customer service possible and offering customers with their wants and needs. By providing the best services for customers will align to high profits and a well-known and liked business for Morrisons. This will gain customer loyalty and ensure that they shop repeatedly at Morrisons. The different customer’s needs are: - product information - after sales service - response to queries - range of products - refunds and exchanges - response to complaints - response to orders - signs and advertising. PRODUCT INFORMATION†¦show more content†¦Customers who are on a diet would be aiming to eat a balance diet. These customers expect to see nutrition information on the packaging of the pie informing how much energy, carbohydrates and fat they will gain due to eating the pie. This is so that they comply with there diet. Some customers have allergies. This stops them from eating certain foods such as nuts. These customers need product information so that they are informed if there are any nuts in the pie. AFTER SALES SERVICE After sales service is the exchange of goods. This is an important service for customers because they may have bought a faulty product or no longer like the product they purchased for many reasons. If for instance a customer bought a jumper which they realised had a hole after purchasing it. They would demand an exchange or a refund. Customers are entitled to a refund, repair, replacement and maintenance. Morrisons has a no questions asked policy. If for some reason a customer is unhappy with their purchase, they can return their purchase for a full refund. Morrisons want to keep their customers happy so that they are satisfied and come back for repeat business. Even if Morrisons loses money, they will still allow customers to exchange goods in order to keep their customers happy and to ensure that they continue to shop ay Morrisons. RESPONSE TOShow MoreRelatedCustomer Needs and Expectations1167 Words   |  5 Pagesrepresentative Lets see what Kaye Goodwin from Virgin Atlantic has to say! In a day of a representative at Virgin Atlantic I have to look at how these needs are identified and I must cover: Customer requests in writing Customer requests to representatives of organisations verbally (face to face or telephone) Recognition of unstated needs Customer type one: Families If a family was too put in a request in writing, because they may have young children, they could possibly write their requests toRead MoreAddress Customer Needs-Marketing1146 Words   |  5 PagesAddress Customer Needs Address Customer Needs Year 11 Assignment 1 Eco JET Airways Address Customer Needs Question 1- EcoJET airways could target- Business people- the flights are very suitable for a business person, the timing of the bulk of the flights is typical business hours, the bulk of their flights arriving before 9am and leaving between 5pm and 7pm, therefore they can get their work done during working hours and waste no time at the airport waiting for their flight,Read MoreAddress Customer Needs2195 Words   |  9 PagesADDRESS CUSTOMER NEEDS Task 1: The first customer contact transaction discussed in the Task 1 is when the customer drops in the shop to buy a particular commodity amp; fetches help from the sales personnel. This is an incident which happened in one of the leading clothing store i.e. Marks amp; Spencer’s. The customer contact was in person. The duration of the entire transaction was 15 minutes. The customer was unable to fetch a product which suits her requirement. Her need was to buy a pairRead MoreCustomer Identification And Their Needs1434 Words   |  6 PagesAs relationship professionals of our industry we have a responsibility to ensure that we take the necessary steps in taking care of each client and their needs. Since we have established our client groups needs we now have a chance to interact with them and provide them a level of service and solutions that meets their established needs. Our clients depend on us to ensure that they can trust us in our decision making and if we show them consistent effort and positive intention then we can achieveRead MoreThe Consistency Of Meeting The Customer Needs Essay1445 Words   |  6 PagesThe consistency of meeting the customer needs. In the hospitality industry, the customers need is imperative. First the customer needs to be greeted and handle with dignity and respect. This will make the customer feel comfortable about their entry into the establishment. When a customer does not receive a warm, sincere greeting on their pre-check in it may cause a tension among the hotelier and customer. The hotelier primary responsibility is to make the customers feel welcome and provide optimumRead MoreBusiness Studies Customer Needs Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is the most important way the small business you have chosen meets customer needs? In this project I aim to tell you all about the business I have chosen and identify the ways that it meets the needs of its customers. The business I have chosen to base my project on is called ‘Lees Heginbotham Sons Ltd’. The address of the business is: 59-61 George Street, Oldham, OL1 1JF. The business also has a website for its customers: leesheginbotham.co.uk. ‘Lees Heginbotham Sons Ltd’ is a Private LimitedRead MoreTesco : Customer Services And Meeting The Needs And Expectation Of The Customers2213 Words   |  9 Pagesmeeting the needs and expectation of the customers. How the organisation provides customer services. Tesco is worldwide organisation which is well known in providing services to their customers, the organisation is been operating since the early 1924 providing services to consumers. Tesco provide their services to its customers, there are many type of services that Tesco provides to its customers which are fast services it s called the 24 hours services which is aimed at customers who don t haveRead MoreQuestions On Customer Needs And The Basic Requirements Of The Human Beings Essay3792 Words   |  16 PagesAnswer 1.1 One item of Good is like PHONE 1) Customer Needs -: Needs are the basic requirements of the human beings. Every human being have their different needs like food , shelter , clothing etc. Phone plays a vital role in our daily life. Without Phone life become so boring. With phone we can contact anyone or anywhere. In today s life every person tries to fulfill their needs. 2) Customer Wants -: Every human beings have their own personal identity. Each person have their own taste , choiceRead MoreChallenges Facing Projecting Demand : Meeting Customer Needs2054 Words   |  9 Pages1.Detail and discuss alt the challenges you faced in projecting demand: meeting customer needs and wants, pricing, competitive actions and competitive response. How did your decisions impact your end performance (market share, income statement)? In projecting demand, we face many problems along the way because is not easy to please every type of customer in the market world. First of all, gauging new item presentations is turning out to be progressively critical as item life-cycle abbreviates andRead MoreStephanie Beck Address Customer Needs Essay example1647 Words   |  7 PagesAddress Customer Needs Assessment activity 1 1. What procedures could be implemented in a workplace to identify and analyse customer needs, wants and expectations? To identify customer needs, you should first determine who your potential customers are help you develop a more detailed picture of them and understand how to target them. Your workplace could implement a system where all existing customers are either sent out a survey or given a phone call to determine how satisfied your customers are with

Not for Profit Free Essays

Erin Powell Dr. Donald Roy PS 101 September 29, 2012 Martha Nussbaum: â€Å"Not for Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities† Martha C. Nussbaum is the author of the book, â€Å"Not For Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities. We will write a custom essay sample on Not for Profit or any similar topic only for you Order Now † The book begins by drawing the reader’s attention by explaining the â€Å"Silent Crisis. † She describes education in the eyes of the government, and in the eyes of the people. There is a connection made between education and the liberal arts. The title of the book, â€Å"Not For Profit,† are three simple words that when put together, have a deep meaning. In this case, Nussbaum is using the phrase to relate to education. The government sees education as a way to further our economic situation. Statistics say that a student that attends college will earn a great deal more than a student that has not attended college. When people earn more money, they usually spend more money. This stimulates our economy, and is the goal of the government. Government aims to use education as a tool to better our economy, yet they continually decrease the amount of money they give to public schools each year. They take out the true classes that give a person their true identity. It seems as if people are slowly becoming uniform, in being that liberal arts are being taken away, and students are left to studying simply the core classes of what they call â€Å"education†. Martha is trying to explain that our education is not for profit! Education is supposed to let people explore different skills and talents. There is a difference between education for profit, and education for citizenship. Education is intended to enhance the lives of the students which receive it. Nussbaum 9). Martha quoted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948, which said: Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of the respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups. I couldn’t agree more with this quote. This should be the true mean ing and importance of education, not for the greediness of the government to use it for profit. Democracy truly needs the humanities. Liberal arts supplement education in making it better-rounded. Without the arts and humanities, we become the government’s puppets, only being used to increase the economy. Liberal arts have been a part of education for quite some time. However, they have never truly been an important part of education according to government standards. What are important to them are the four core subjects: math, science, social studies, and language arts. Martha Nussbaum seems to disagree. To her, the liberal arts are the parts of education that make each student an individual. It gives them their creativity, and it teaches their brains to think critically and analytically, rather than being confined to a box dictated by the core subjects. These ways of thinking are very valuable. They set apart each person, giving them their true identity. Liberal arts teach people to think for themselves. Without them people will rely on the government to do the thinking, and the government will no longer truly represent its people. The Socratic Way defines the way in which students â€Å"think and argue for themselves, rather than defer to tradition and authority,â€Å" and is â€Å"valuable for democracy. (Nussbaum 48). In terms of education this is important because thinking for oneself leads to critical thinking. Critical thinking causes students to also think analytically; therefore they get a better understanding of their material. Democracy is rule of the people. If the people cannot â€Å"think and argue for themselves,† then how can they rule their coun try? It would be difficult to choose representatives if the people could not make their own decisions. Also in the business world as well, it would be difficult to get anything accomplished. Tradition and authority have been important in history. However, Nussbaum does not seem to agree with them. When everything just goes by tradition, nothing is being changed. Things just happen the way they have always happened. Authority tends to stay similar as well. This is because people just go with the flow. They tend to not think for themselves, but instead make decisions based on tradition. Martha Nussbaum is a liberal; when things need to be changed, they should be changed, and I completely agree. We cannot live according to tradition, because there might be a critical thinker or two in this world whom can discover a better or more efficient way to do things. If we are to improve at all in our lifetimes, living by tradition is not going to accomplish the goal. In this world there are Americans, Europeans, Australians, Mexicans, etc. However divided, we still affect each other. We borrow, buy, and sell from other countries, as well as become allies or enemies. Martha describes a â€Å"world citizen† in her book. This means that despite our geographical and cultural differences, we should put these aside to work together. â€Å"The world’s schools, colleges, and universities therefore have the important and urgent task: to cultivate in students the ability to see themselves as members of a heterogeneous nation, and a still more heterogeneous world, and to understand something of the history and character of the diverse groups that inhabit it. † (Nussbaum 80. ) The idea of becoming a â€Å"world citizen† is wildly idealistic. There are so many people in this world that just cannot accept others. Power is a huge part of it, being that people want to be in charge. Some don’t want to be considered equal; they believe that some people are superior to others. It would take a humungous amount of effort to convince everyone on the planet to become a â€Å"world citizen. † Play is important in the lives of all people, but especially children as they begin to develop. Nussbaum talks about play in Chapter 6. It is essential to play in order to understand the value and worth of other people. Children’s stories and nursery rhymes cause children to put themselves in the shoes of another person. Therefore they learn that other human beings have feelings also, which helps children with a healthy development. It’s this healthy development in which play causes that Nussbaum believes is so important. As children grow into adults, however, they don’t necessarily â€Å"play. † They have â€Å"left behind the world of children’s games. † (Nussbaum 101). Therefore the arts become important. Whether it’s music, singing, painting, photography, etc. , the arts put people, fictionally, into the shoes of others. In doing this, people continue to grow in their concern for other human beings. As Martha describes our current situation, democratic education is truly â€Å"on the ropes. † Chapter seven talks about why this is true. Our economy is not doing so well. Every day our country goes further and further in debt. Apparently to our government, education is not very important, so they continue to make cut after cut of school funding. When the schools receive less money they have to make cuts on their spending. The humanities are always first to be reduced or eliminated. But when humanities, an important factor of a democratic education, are taken away we are certainly â€Å"on the ropes†! Without the humanities, schools cannot fully give students a democratic education. So what can we do about it? Nussbaum mentioned the alumni of schools. She claimed that some of them will send money or grants to their previous schools to help fund the humanities and liberal arts which they enjoyed having while they were in school. However, this cannot fund all parts of every program. Even in the core-subject classroom, we can encourage critical thinking. However, class sizes would have to be downsized. Schools would have to hire more teachers. Finances would obviously have to come from somewhere. But in decreasing the amount of students in each classroom, it is easier for the teacher to focus on their students rather than primarily on the material. Smaller groups of students also make it easier to have classroom discussions where all students can participate and think outside the box. Humanities and liberal arts are clearly important to Martha Nussbaum. They should be important to everyone, and I wish they were. This world would be a better place if education was taught around the arts, rather than the arts simply being an elective, or being eliminated due to funding cuts. I enjoy being able to think for myself and I’m sure all people do. Our government is not perfect, and there never will be a perfect government. We can’t rely on tradition to continue governing this country; we have to make changes in order for the government to best represent the people and to make good decisions. Neither can we submit to the authority, just because it’s there. If we don’t agree with something we have to have the audacity to stand up for what we believe in and never give up. Profits shouldn’t be the main influence for education, nor should it control how we educate our future generations. Instead we should focus on developing people as individuals, rather than people as money-makers. We all have feelings, and everyone deep down wants to feel important and competent. Simply ignoring our feelings is not an option. Drew Faust says it best, â€Å"Human beings need meaning, understanding, and perspective as well as jobs. The question should not be whether we can afford to believe in such purposes in these times, but whether we can afford not to. † (Nussbaum 124). Mistakes are made when we question whether or not to keep humanities in education. It’s obvious that democratic education needs the humanities. How to cite Not for Profit, Essay examples

Business Negotiation for Decoration Services - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Negotiation Strategies for Decoration Services. Answer: Description of the negotiation situation I had a chance of negotiating for a business opportunity to offer tents, seats and decoration services to a client who had a wedding ceremony. The client, in this case, had brought a proposal in a committee seeking for a service provider who would offer quality services in terms of decorations in her wedding, quality seats and modern tents of the capacity of the expected guests in the ceremony. Taking is a great business opportunity and given the fact that my company offers all those services I decided to take the challenge of pitching my business services to the committee that was tasked with the responsibility of sourcing and presenting a number of service providers. I, therefore, took a sample of my previously done works of events management and decorations services and presented myself before the committee for negotiations. The parties involved in the negotiation Just like in any other business negotiation, there must be parties or interested persons for the negotiation to take place. The event is a wedding ceremony that meant that there was a committee that was set forth to plan for the same and was in charge of sourcing for various service providers as per the requirements given by the couples. Lucky enough I was a member of the committee since the client or one of the couples was my college friend and had invited me to be part of their wedding planning committee. Therefore the parties involved in this negotiation included the committee members who were 15 in number including myself and the couples and three other service providers in the same line of business of events management and decorations. The total number of parties involved in the negotiation, in this case, could be said to be six which can be grouped from the 18 members as follows. There were the four service providers including myself, the couples and the committee. Where did the negotiations occur? Most business negotiations do not have defined negotiations points, however, the decisions of the negotiation points are influenced by the nature business and agreements between the parties involved. Most parties usually prefer a neutral ground for negotiations in which the parties feel free to offer their deals. Most business deals may happen in an office, in a hotel, in a park or restaurant or others even happen over the phones or on other online social platforms however this depends on the nature of the business as quoted above. Therefore, in this case, the committee which was tasked with the responsibility of sourcing for the service providers after getting a number of service providers suggested that the most convenient place to meet with all the other parties was in small conference rooms in one of the hotels in Town. How the negotiations took place The negotiations were guided by the committee in which the chairman of the committee requested the couples to give a brief on their expectations for the decorations and the quality of tents and seats that they wished to have on their wedding. The couple outlined several requirements and what would be their expectation on their event. The chairman then requested the service providers to give a sample of the previous works to the committee members as well as to the couples. Then the committee requested for the price quotations for the full package of services from each service provider. Out of the four service providers, the couples were pleased with the works of two of the service providers and I was also lucky to be among the two which now began the negotiations. After quoting the total amount I would charge for the full service as well as listen to the quotation of my competitor now, the committee also gave us their budget estimates for the same an estimate which they said they were not able to add any more money to the budget as they were working on a fixed budget. My competitor price quotation was slightly higher than my charges. However, he had some services which I did not have under my package which gave him a slight advantage. Focusing on negotiation outcomes In event of business negotiations, the interests of the parties negotiating are always focused on the outcomes of the negotiations. Successful negotiations are guided by certain principles and guidelines which when followed or adhered to lead to a win-win situation which is the main goal of the negotiating parties. Such principles and guidelines include contending whereby either party is able to concede to the other parties outcome (Tudoran Boglu?, 2014). It also includes compromising in which the party targeted ideal outcome is overlooked and the parties end up settling for outcomes that are satisfactory to both parties. It also includes providing an opportunity for inaction whereby the parties buy time to think about the proposal as well as gathering more information and deciding their next tactics. The negotiating outcomes therefore normally come at the end of a negotiation process and may result in four different outcomes which include; lose-lose, win-lose a stalemate and a win-win outcome. The lose-lose situation occurs where ego controls or comes into play and thwart the negotiation process and whenever both sides are unwilling to compromise (Ku, 2016). A win-lose outcome occurs where one negotiating party wins whereas the other party loses completely. A stalemate occurs when neither the parties win nor loses as a result of not being able to deal with the interests of both parties whereas a win-win outcome in which parties strive to achieve occurs when a deal is struck between the parties and both parties are happy that their interests are met (Kaptein, 2017). Therefore in the case of the above negotiation on part A, I would have taken an inaction moment where I would have thought of the proposal of the committee and the couple and gather more information concerning their re quirements which were not sufficiently communicated. I felt that the negotiations were not sufficiently done in a way that it took the interests of both the parties taking into considerations the demands and expectations of the wedding committee as well as the couples were issued at that particular time. The prices were also quoted on the same day and what happens in the line of event management and decorations is that there is always a possibility of increasing costs on the part of the service provider if different aspects are not taken into consideration. However, there was the pressure that there wasnt enough time as the event was to be conducted in a weeks time (Stamm, 2016). I would have then asked the committee to give me a day to respond to certain cost aspects based on their expectations so that I may be able to offer services which meet their quality and other expectations other than disappointing them because I would avoid any increased costs from my side. Based on the outcome as much as it was a win-win situation I believe t hat the committee would have allowed me to have a day of responding to the requirements and probably if any resulting possible costs would have been taken into consideration. References Kaptein, M. m. (2017). The Battle for Business Ethics: A Struggle Theory. Journal Of Business Ethics, 144(2), 343-361 Ku, G. (2016). Negotiating Pitfalls. London Business School Review, 27(2), 14-15. doi:10.1111/2057-1615.12110. Sandberg, T., Hutter, R., Richetin, J., Conner, M. (2016). Testing the role of action and inaction anticipated regret on intentions and behaviour. British Journal Of Social Psychology, 55(3), 407-425. doi:10.1111/bjso.12141 Stamm, I. K. (2016). Coordination Tasks and Negotiation Modes of Linked Lives in Entrepreneurial Families. Journal Of Marriage Family, 78(4), 939-956 Tudoran, D., Boglu?, A. (2014). Types Of Negotiation Tactics. Research Journal Of Agricultural Science, 46(2), 395-402.

Research Methods and Statistics in Criminal Justice an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Research Methods and Statistics in Criminal Justice The Criminal Justice System in the United States is charged with the responsibility of executing justice in the society to ensure orderliness. The system is involved in extensive research programs that enable them to understand the society better and offer solutions to the offenders. The Criminal Justice System collects large volumes of data to enable them know the causes that lead to people being involved in criminal activities. They engage in such research to enable them take necessary steps to prevent people from falling into crime. Need essay sample on "Research Methods and Statistics in Criminal Justice" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed People Very Often Tell EssayLab support: Why is writing friendship essay so difficult? Please help me. Our professional writers propose: Ready To Place Your Order? How To Write An Essay In Mla FormatHow To Write An Essay FastCheap EssaysPay For PapersPaper Writing HelpWrite Essay For MoneyCoursework Writing ServiceBuy Essay Data are also collected to determine whether the System is serving justice. The police force and other law enforcement agencies have been mentioned as mistreating the prisoners under their care or general harassment. The Criminal Justice System employs several research designs to enable them come up with conclusive results. The design that is applied during research determines the validity of the findings. There are several factors that determine the validity of the findings. Among these factors is the sample size which determines whether it is representative of the population. The amount of error allowable is also an important consideration. The variability of the population characteristics need to be carefully evaluated to eliminate the chances of deflating the findings. The research design applied should allow the researchers to answer the research questions with no ambiguity. One of the research designs that are used in the Criminal Justice research is the classical experimental design. In this research design, the subjects to be studied are grouped into two: the experimental group and the control group, (David & Sutton, 2004). The term experiment in this design means that the researchers apply some stimulus to a group and they evaluate how the group responds to the stimulus. The control group on the other hand does not receive any treatment but is evaluated at the end of some period. The results are later compared for the two groups and if there are differences found, this may mean that the stimulus applied has good or bad effects. In this design, the observation made after the application of the stimulus or manipulation to the experimental group is the dependent variable. The stimulus applied is the independent variable. The argument in this design is to enable the researcher to know the effect the independent variable has on the dependent variable. Some defining characteristic of the classical research design is that it has a treatment and a control group. Another characteristic of this design is that random assignment of subjects to treatment and control groups have to be observed. The researcher must be able to manipulate the stimulus and apply them to the treatment group only. The control group is only for comparison purposes and therefore no stimulus is applied to the group. The other characteristic of the classical experiment research design is that must allow the researcher to perform a pretest of the variables of concern and a posttest at the end of the experiment (Worrall, 2005). In the studies whose objectives are to identify cause-effect relationship, internal validity is of utmost importance. The researchers should limit the interaction of other factors with the subjects to reduce variability. The classical experimental design offers researchers with a strictly controlled experiment such that other factors may not affect the study. This design requires the treatment and control groups to be strictly monitored to eliminate other factors interaction. The results of such a study would therefore conclusively be said to be due to the stimulus applied. If a cause-effect study allowed other factors to interact with the subjects, researchers may erroneously associate their results to the applied stimulus. Since the Criminal Justice System research is based on testing the workability of certain programs such as probation programs, internal validity is emphasized and classical experimental design is the best suited design for them. External validity is concerned with whether the results of a study can be generalized for the whole population. The intent of causal relationship research is to assist in understanding the factors that can be changed and by which level to achieve certain results. The fact that the classical experimental design uses strictly control makes it hard for the design to meet external validity test. The question that persists is whether the effects observed under a controlled experiment would be observed under uncontrolled setup. Most research in the Criminal Justice System takes place in the natural setting of the society which lacks that control. Classical experimental design does not attain much in the external validity test (Maxfield & Babbie, 2005). However, it does not mean that the design should not be used for such studies but that more control should be applied to guard against carrying out a study that cannot be applied anywhere else. The classical experimental design also has to be evaluated on whether it meets the statistical validity test. The statistical validity test is concerned with the sample size and whether it is representative. It is also concerned with the tests that are used to test the differences. The tests applied for the analysis of classical experimental design are powerful enough to detect the small differences between the treatment and the control groups. This means that the design gives very accurate results. The design is also less costly requiring only a representative small sample to be included. Though there are a few inadequacies associated with the use of this design for social matters, they do not disregard its importance. The various programs proposed by the Justice System can only be authenticated through such an authoritative design. The design also performs well in validity tests and should only be expanded to cover the few shortcomings. References David, M and Sutton, C. D (2004). Social Research: The Basics. London: Sage Publications. Maxfield, M. G and Babbie, E. R, (2005). Research Methods for Criminal Justice and Criminology. Belmont: Wadsworth Thomson Learning, Inc. Worrall, J. L, (2005). Teaching Criminal Justice Students How to Choose Between ResearchDesigns. Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Today, Vol xxx, No. 2. California State University.

Cast Away Movie Essays

Cast Away Movie Essays Cast Away Movie Paper Cast Away Movie Paper In the film Cast Away, I was interested in Chucks transition between his communication process from before he was stranded on the island and his communication skills when he got back. Being stranded on an island for four years, having no one but a volleyball to talk to would of course have some effects on how anyone would present themselves when they returned. I noticed that in the beginning of the film, Chuck had sufficient communication competence and was able to connect well with people from his own culture and with those of other cultures because his Job had him traveling often. However, when he returned, he was unsure and withdrawn while he was around his family and friends, not really sure what to do around so many people at once. Before someone has communication competence, they have to be able to practice communicating by sending messages and using the five step listening process; though he sent out many messages, he couldnt receive anything back. From the reflect and relate textbook, (page 164) it explains that these are needed to form and maintain competent listening skills so your able to adapt youre listening purpose for different situations and encounters. He was already a competent communicator before, however, he was limited to the knowledge that he had once he was on the island and he wasnt able to progress in his communication skills. Without being able to know how to respond, it made it more difficult when his friends were interacting with him; he wasnt so sure how to respond. Another part of listening is receiving feedback and learning whats appropriate in your culture. When you communicate with others, you get negative or positive feedback that you need so you can learn how to use the feedback constructively to dapt your own listening skills to your culture; For Chuck in Cast Away, he was limited to whatever he imagined Wilsons response to be and he couldnt receive any feedback to help him build his listening skills. The reason that its so important to have constant feedback is not only for practice, but also for you to understand how all communication is changing. For example, using the word sick means being affected by physical illness, but it can now also be used to express something thats crazy or cool. While he wasnt able to fully communicate for the four years that he was on the sland, he had some other trouble with learning how to deal with grief. He was feeling lonely and isolated on the island and couldnt fgure out how to properly deal with emotional management. In the text, (page 129) it tells us that emotional management is one of the most important factors for effective interpersonal communication. It affects our emotional expression and how we experience things. Because he felt that he needed to manage some of the loss he was feeling from his wife and other family, he created Wilson; someone that he could express his inner thoughts to and to not feel so lonely on the island. In the text it also expresses the importance of emotions and how they have been developed in text only environments. We share and communicate our emotional experiences by emotion-snaring. Because emotion-snaring is so important, when Chuck felt isolated on the island and wasnt able to share his emotions, he created a person that he could talk to. In the beginning of the movie, it shows him consoling his friend whose wife is very sick. He obviously has had those types of relationships where he could share his emotions before he was stranded. When he gets back at he end of the movie it shows him again sharing in his friends grief and apologizing for not being able to be there for him. He had those kind of problem himself while on the Island feeling lonely and isolated, he felt grief for the loss of his girlfriend and back home. Along with his inability to fully interact, he was unable to take part in social comparison (explained on page 40 in the text). Where were able to watch and recognize our own actions and compare them with others. This has an important effect on ourselves and how we interact with people, seeing people we want to be like and following their examples. Obviously Wilson didnt react back to him and he wasnt able to discern what is socially acceptable in a normal environment. Because of this when he was brought back and was at his welcome home party, he wasnt sure how to act around other people and instead Just stayed mostly silent. Because of his competent interpersonal skills from before, he had a lot of important relationships and symbols. Symbols are used many times in the movie, objects that have meaning to him while hes on the island and ones that he finds back home. The watch that Kelly gave him is used constantly throughout the movie. It was important to him to keep it on the same time zone back home, even though it broke on island, and the picture it held of his girlfriend, which he would look at while he fell asleep in the caves. It was an important symbol that represented the loss he felt for a loved one and I felt like it was one of the things that kept him going while he was on the island. The package was another symbol used in the film, he painted the drawing it had on his raft and he didnt open it throughout the four years he was there. He even saved the box and finally got it to where it was supposed to be shipped. There are other symbolic things throughout the movie like Chucks car and the keys that still held his pocketknife; which symbolized how much Kelly cared for him and how important their relationship was. Without being able to engage in social comparison, it could have negative effects on his self-concept and his self-esteem. Self-concept is built based off of social comparison, like when you feel good about how well you communicate with others or if youre compared favorably with others. Your self- concept can be based on different things like media, family, or friends. Because he wasnt around any of these things, he was stuck trying to remember how he used to be. He may see himself as the person that he used before, but on the island he had changed so much and in page 42 of the text, it describes how its hard for us to change the way we believe ourselves to be. All of his interactions for those four years were one-way, being able to send out messages but never getting anything back, he wasnt able to understand how he was changing in self-concept. As for his girlfriend Kelly, she was experiencing loss and she wasnt even sure if Chuck was alive or not, she had to move on from their relationship. Just maintaining a relationship with someone whos constantly around you can be difficult and there are many relationship strategies that have to take place in order to maintain a healthy relations ip n . Ot course Chuck woul d nave to be actually present in the relationship at all to really maintain it. Though they clearly had a good relationship when he left and Kelly still loved him when he was brought back, they had been separated for so long that she had developed other relationships when he was gone. She had gotten arried and had a daughter. Chuck on the other hand had only her in mind as a romantic partner, but thats because he knew she was alive and he hadnt been able to develop any other relationships while he had been alone on the island. As for his other relationships that he had throughout the movie with his friends he wasnt really able to build or maintain relationships with his friends either. As I mentioned before he had a close relationship with his friend whos wife was sick. While Chuck was gone his friend lost his wife and he wasnt able to be there for him while he grieved. Theres a scene in the beginning of the film that shows Chuck at a Christmas dinner with family and friends where hes interacting with them and making Jokes. Its good comparison to the dinner he has with his friends when he gets back. Before, when he was around his family, he knew how to interact with them and he had close personal relationships. At the other dinner it shows him standing quietly while everyone interacts around him. It makes it very clear that theres now space between him and everyone else. Watching this film I noticed how his communication competence deteriorated rom the moment he was stranded on the island and how it affected his life once he got back. Without the constant practice and use of our communication skills we cant maintain our skills or progress with them. Progression in communication is important because things are always changing and we need to learn how to change and adapt to listening and building relationships. You have to have a two-way communication to fully understand not only others, but your own communication as well. The movie demonstrated proper communication and showed the importance of relationships and maintaining your communication competence.

People over 68 years of age should have their driver's licenses Essay

People over 68 years of age should have their driver's licenses cancelled - Essay Example With an increase in life expectancy and reduction in population growth, the number of old people in the U.S is expected to triple. In recent years there has been controversy concerning the maximum age beyond which a person should not drive. Ageing is a continuous and complex process and hence there is no any absolute definition of an old person. Lack of a precise definition for an old person must be the cause of controversy surrounding maximum driving age. The rising number of accidents caused by seniors indicates that old people are more likely to cause accidents. Driving is a process that requires speedy reactions and decision-making. This is because drivers are expected to drive their vehicles at a relatively high speed especially the highway drivers. Driving at a high speed requires a person to have quick response as well as fast and rational decision-making. Response and decision-making depends on a person’s rate of reaction. Hope (web) stated that old people have slow response. Slow reaction makes old people to have slow response in relation to the speed of the vehicle. Accident takes a fraction of a second to happen but have fatal consequences. This implies that a driver should have quick response to events and occurrences on the roads. This makes the old people to be more likely to cause accident than young people. Old age is a losing process as described by theories of aging. This implies at old age people lose most of their capabilities. Aging is also described as an accumulation process, at old age a person accumulates problems acquired during his lifetime. The sense of sight plays an important role in driving since through the eyesight drivers are able to determine their direction. Eyesight also enables drivers to determine and avoid obstacles that might be present on the way. Most importantly, drivers use their eyesight to determine distance and speed (Lindenburg 78). It is not clearly known how this

Business Taxation. See uploaded guidlines Essay

Business Taxation. See uploaded guidlines - Essay Example Research and development (R&D) tax credits are a company tax relief which can either reduce a company’s tax bill or, for some small or medium sized companies, provide a cash sum’. Through a different definition it is noticed that ‘Research and development tax credits are a company tax relief which can either reduce a company’s tax bill or, for some small or medium sized companies, provide a cash sum; the R&D tax credit works by allowing companies to deduct up to 150% of qualifying expenditure on R&D activities when calculating their profit for tax purposes’ (The Small Business Portal, 2006). It should be noticed that the above scheme can lead to the benefits stated above only if specific terms and requirements are met (as it will be explained below). The benefits offered by this scheme to firms across the country can be differentiated. Specifically for small businesses it is noticed by the UK HM Revenue and Customs that the particular scheme can lead to a reduction of the tax bill up to a percentage of 15%. On the other hand, it is also supported that ‘some SME companies not in profit can surrender their R&D tax losses for cash (in the form of a payable credit) of up to 24p per  £1 of actual expenditure within specified categories’ (UK, HM Revenue and Customs, Small Businesses). The level of the benefit can reach up to a 100% of capital allowances for small firms that make a relevant capital expenditure. In order to understand the benefits offered for small businesses in UK under the particular scheme it is necessary to refer primarily to the definition of R&D scheme at least regarding its general characteristics. In this context, it is noticed that ‘broadly, in order to qualify, activities must be creative or innovative work in the fields of science or technology and undertaken with a view to the extension of knowledge and breaking new ground, whether that be through resolving some uncertainty or creating a new or substantially improved

Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 9

Proposal - Essay Example CA Technologies is based in New York, and it offers services and products in the technological field. The firm creates software systems that run in cloud computing environments, distributed computers, virtual machines and mainframe. The marketing plan is important because it will enable CA Technologies to identify its weaknesses and strengths through an external and internal analysis of market opportunities. The plan will also help the firm to analyze its services and products using a customer’s view-point. I present this proposal as a three phase program. The first phase involves the identification of the marketing problems. The second phase, which is the main phase, is the development of a marketing plan and the third phase is the implementation of the plan. CA Technologies faces challenges in achieving its organizational objectives because of the problems it faces in marketing. The marketing plan will be created through collaboration with the management of the firm, and the use of qualitative and quantitative research methods. I will use qualitative research methods to gain information and insights from peer reviewed books and journals. Quantitative study approaches will be used to collect information and insights from professionals in the marketing field. The project will require four months from May to August 2014. I would like to request a grant of $10,000 in order to initiate a three phase program for CA Technology’s marketing plan. The project is expected to be completed in four months starting from May 2014 to August 2014. The first two phases of the project have been divided into four areas of focus. The last phase, phase three, has two areas of focus. The initial phase is concerned with the identification of the marketing challenges facing CA Technologies. The second phase is the development of the marketing plan. This is the most important phase of the project. During this phase, I will collaborate with the management of the firm and

Chromosome Analysis of Chicken and Quail

Chromosome Analysis of Chicken and Quail Chicken, quail and Chicken-Quail hybrids were used as objects of study, in order to investigate the crossing incompatibility between Chicken-Quail in the level of chromosome. Chromosome specimens are prepared by the peripheral blood lymphocyte cultivation, airing and embryonic, with karyotype, G and C band analysis. The results showed that the number of chromosomes of chicken and quail are 2n = 78, including 10 pairs macrochromosomesand 29 minute chromosome, but apparented differences are existed in the morphous of chromosomes, there are comparatively large difference between the number of fringe and the width of fringe of G band stripe of chicken and quail. It can be divided into 32 zones, with 155 straps and 71 positive bands for chickens. And it can be divided into 28 zones, with 138 straps and 61 positive bands for quails. Through the analysis of C zonation, it indicated that W chromosome of fission phase in all the female always show C-band and the whole band anachromasis, easil y identified, which further confirmed the C-band analysis is an effective way of birds sexing. Key words: Chicken, Quail, Hybrid Species, Karyotype According to the statistics, 56 percent of kinds of birds can be used to species hybridization and 44 percent of kinds birds can be used to intergeneric cross, epecially between family or subfamily[1]. These phenomenon of distance hybridization can make breeding materials richer and provide superordinary goods group, however, the problems accompanied by distant hybridization are cross incompatibility (hybridized combination can not obtain the offspring), and hybrid sterility. There are same matters between the crossing of chickens and quails, such as the early death of female individuals of hybrid species, only the maleness ones survivaled but there are no activity of genitical gland of hybrid species. Now the mechanism of distance cross-incompatibility of birds are imperfect, and there are no detailed cellule genetics research of generic cross. Chickens, quails and intergeneric hybrid species were used as object in this study, Chromosome specimens are prepared by the peripheral bloo d lymphocyte cultivation, airing and embryonic, with karyotype. With the comparison among the objects, G-band and C band, many valuable references for cross incompatibility and the hybrid sterility are provided between chicken and quail. Test materials Test animal Gallus gallus domestica tested 20 (10 à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡, 10 à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â€š ¬), quail 20 (10 à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡, 10 à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â€š ¬), the ripe Chicken-Quail hybrids 20 and Chicken-Quail hybrids embryos 90 adopted artificial insemination method by hybridization of chicken (à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡) and quail (à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â€š ¬), were taken from experimental station Animal Science and Technology Institute of Shihezi University. Reagent RPMI1640 (GIBCO); Heparin (Hua Mei biological engineering company); colchicine (BIB subpackage); Giemsa powder (Sigma subpackage); calf serum (Hua Mei biological engineering company), inactivated , cryopreservation; PHA (Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry in Guangzhou). Preparation of conventional chromosome specimen Chromosome specimens slice of chicken, quail and ripe Chicken-Quail hybrids prepared[2] by the peripheral blood lymphocyte cultivation, airing. Chromosome specimens slice of Chicken-Quail hybrids prepared by embryonic. Referring the methods of preparing the chromosome sample of G-zonation of Chen guo-hong[3] and so on(2003), then preparing the chromosome sample of C-zonation for using the regulation of BSG[4]. Chromosome analysis method Chromosome sections with Giemsa stained can be counted under a microscope. The diploid chromosome number are counted under the microscope with selecting of good chromosome spread and fission phasing of limpid appearance (50 male and 50 female). The 3 metakinesis phasing and good chromosome spread and limpid appearance selected in each poultry were carried out microphotograph under the immersion objective choice. The long and short arms of first 10 pairs chromosomes were measured by Photoshop image-processing software, then according to the following formula, calculated the relative length of each chromosomes, arm ratio and Centromere index. According to the standards of Leven, regular karyogram were got for the size, the location of centromere of chromosomes. For using the mean value of karyotype parameter, we can draw a ideograph of karyotype. Relative length=-100 Arm ratio= Centromere index=-100 The good metaphase G-band ideograph for division of zone of chicken, quail and a hybrid were shooted. With the survey of microscope, the number of stripe, the relative location of stripe, the shade of colouration and the width of stripe were all sure. The number of stripe for the first 10 pairs chromosomes of each cellule were calculated, and counted the frequency of modal number of stripe. Partited[5] the zone for referencing the pattern of the G-zonation of Gallus gallus domestica, then drawed the mode of the G-zonation of intermediate stage for chicken, quails and hybrid species. The condition of metaphase phasing C zonation with alkali treatment was observed under the microscope, selecting complete limpid metakinesis phasing of good disposal, chromatosis and disintegration for micrograph, magnification, cutting out, paring, with the analysis of the C-band characteristics, location show, and other laws, focusing on observation of the W chromosome morphous and banding circumstances . Results and analysis Karyotype analysis of Chicken, Quail and Their Hybrids Diploid (2n) cell chromosome number Chromosome sections of Chicken, quail and a hybrid were carried out conventional Giemsa staining with the selection of 100 good desintegrate phasing respectively for micrograph and the statistics of diploid chromosomes, the results shown in Table 1. Table 1 The diploid chromosomes of Chicken, Quail and Their Hybrids From table 2, 10 pairs macrochromosome and 29 pairs minute chromosome are included in the chromosomes of chickens and quails, and minute chromosome are telocentric chromosome with sex determination style of ZZ (à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡) and ZW (à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â€š ¬). No. 3, No. 5, No. 7, No. 9 chromosome in chicken autosome are t-type, No. 1, No. 2, No. 8 chromosome are m-type; No. 4, No. 6 chromosome are sm-type; except the quail autosome No. 1 chromosome for sm-type, No. 2 chromosome for the m-type, No. 4 chromosome for st-type; other chromosomes are t-type. The Z chromosome of chicken and quails are m-type and the fifth macrochromosome; for chicken, the W chromosome is m-type, with the length the same as No. 8 chromosome; for quail, the W chromosome is t-type, with the length between No. 7 chromosome and No. 8 chromosome. Chromosome karyotype of Chicken-Quail hybrids Table 3 The parameter of macrochromosomes of Chicken-Quail hybridsà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ±SEà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° The chromosome parameters of Chicken-Quail hybrids in Table 3, compared with chromosome karyotype parameters of chicken, quail in Table 2 found that each chromosome of every chromosome of the hybrid is basically same chromosome karyotype of chicken, quail with sex determination style for ZZ (à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡) and ZW (à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â€š ¬). Based on the result of Table 2 and Table 3, the ideograph of first 10 pairs of chickens, quails and hybrid species were drawed(see figure 5 and 6) , and reviewed the appearance of each chromosomes. The karyogram of chickens, quails, adult hybrid and majority hybrid species and their embryo were showed from figure 2 to figure 5. The matched-pairs of chromosomes in figure 3 and figure 4, in which the left of paired chromosomes is from chicken and the right is from quails. Disposition of Chicken-Quail hybrids early embryo sex proportion According to the chromosome karyotype and heterosome differences combing with the C-band banding pattern figure, the early sexuality identification of crossing progeny is carried out for 5 selected time. 90 embryos at early age are choosen, of which 24 female and 66 male are included. With the comparison of the theoretical, female and male ratio take on a significant difference (P

suicide Essay -- essays research papers

Suicide Suicide is a significant cause of death in many western countries. Attempts at suicide, and suicidal thoughts or feelings are usually a sign indicating that a person is not coping, often as a result of some event or series of events that they personally find prostrating traumatic or distressing. Most people who attempt suicide are confused about whether or not they want to die. They usually are desperate to find a way to remove or stop emotional pain. A suicide attempt is often a cry for help that ends in a tragedy. In eight out to ten suicides the person has spoken about their intent before killing themselves. In many cases, their impact can be mitigated, or their prostrating mind will gradually decrease if the person is able to make constructive choices about dealing with the crisis when it is at its worst. In some cases exceeding deaths by motor vehicle accidents annually. Many countries spend limitless amounts of money on safer roads, but very little on suic! ide awareness and prevention, or on educating people about how to make good life choices. They need someone to take them and their emotional pain and discouragement seriously. What is usually most helpful is to encourage them to express them-selves without telling them how they should feel or think. In the vast majority of cases a suicide attemptor would choose differently if they were not in great distress and were able to evaluate their options objectively. Most suicidal people give warning signs in the hope that they will be rescued, because they are intent on stopping their emotional pain, not on dying. Suicidal people need friends who will listen patiently and show they care, and referral to a professional if possible. Since this can be extremely difficult, so we may be better able to recognize and help other people in crisis, and also to find how to seek help or make better choices ourselves. People usually attempt suicide to block unbearable emotional pain, which is caused by a wide variety of problems. A person attempting suicide is often so distressed that they are unable to see that they have other options. We can help prevent a tragedy by trying to understand how they feel and helping them to look for better choices that they could make. Suicidal people often feel terribly isolated because of their distress, they may not think of anyone they can turn to, fu... ... taken their own lives. By ways known to him alone. God can provide the opportunity for salutary repentance. The church prays for persons who have taken their own lives. (Catechism of the Catholic Church, Page 608) Suicide is an issue which should be examined at by all angles. Not just from the angle that it is â€Å"wrong". End of debate. Rather it should be looked at from the point of view that â€Å"yes" for some people, they should be allowed to die in peace. Attempted suicide is also relatively rare in children under the age of 12. After that the rates increase constantly with age especially among girls, who are far more at risk of making attempts than boys. A considerable amount is known about the characteristics of adolescent suicide attempters, especially the disturbed care and family problems and the factors that reckless their suicide attempts. Prevention of child, adolescent and adult suicidal behavior is an urgent task. Doctors, other health professionals and teachers play an important role in identifying those most at risk, but this is often difficult because their characteristics are shared by many more individuals who will not carry out suicidal arts.

Do You Agree with the View That by 1940?

Do you agree with the view that by 1940 the main obstacle to Indian independence was not British imperialism but divisions within India? Many people believe that in the 1940’s most of India’s problems involving independence was to do with divisions within India rather than British imperialism. In this essay I will be looking at both points of view and finally giving my opinion. I will be using three sources also to help me show both sides of the story. I will also be using my further knowledge to add a wider range of knowledge.Source 15 is a statement made by Viceroy Linlithgow during discussions with Muhammad Ali Jinnah in August 1940, concerning arrangements for the wartime administration of India. In this source he is both for and against the view of the question. â€Å"His Majesty’s Government could not contemplate transfer of their present responsibilities for the peace and welfare of India to any system of Government†. This is suggesting that England can’t even imagine giving any real power to India. Which means England is withholding any peace for India by not giving them any power.England are also holding back any welfare for India by keeping all the power. However, the Viceroy also says afterwards, â€Å"Whose authority is directly denied by large and powerful elements in India’s national life†. This quote is saying that divisions within India are slowing down the progression of gaining power for India. Even England’s power over India is being disrupted by the divisions within India. If a specialist governing country is struggling to stay in control how is an inexperienced country going to handle one of the largest countries in the world?Linlithgow made the August offer in 1940; along with Jinnah they discussed a whole range of issues regarding India and the war. The Viceroy did make an effort to involve the Muslim community with the proposals in the august offer as well. One of the proposals was â€Å"an assurance that the government would not adapt any new constitution without the prior approval of Muslim India†. This shows that the Viceroy tried to prevent divisions within India. Source 16 is a lot more one sided compared to source 15. Source 16 mainly believes that it is British imperialism that is preventing Indian Independence.This source is from W. O. Simpson, from ‘changing horizons’, which was published in 1986. One of the most obvious quotes backing up the hatred towards British Imperialism is, â€Å"The idea, and the Government of India Act that emerged on 1935, was strongly opposed by one faction in the Conservative Party, which formed itself into the Imperial Defence League. † This Defence League tried to prevent the Act being passed but it was unsuccessful in its efforts, and the Act was passed. â€Å"The Act was attacked both in Britain for going too far†.If Britain didn’t go as far as they did with the act they would h ave had a more successful reign. In this source there is a quote that suggests that divisions within India that was stopping Indian Independence. â€Å"in India for not going far enough†. This quote suggests that India didn’t believe the Act wasn’t taken out as much as they would have liked. Round table conferences did prove that congress didn’t speak for all of India, and due to the minority of the Muslims in India the 1937 elections were very nerve racking for the Muslims.If Congress came into power they would have been in a very bad situation. The Muslim League needed to win over all of the Muslims and make sure the trials can become fair. Source 17 is much like source 15 because they a both fairly even sided, in what they say. This source is from Rosemary Rees, India 1900-47, published in 2006. It mentions the faults of both British Imperialism and the Divisions between India. â€Å"If only Congress could, in, fact, speak for all main elements in Ind ia’s national life then, however advanced their demands our problem would have been in many respects, far easier†.This quote is strongly suggesting that the division in India is preventing the independence. The fact that England can’t get a straight answer from India is making England less confident in giving them independence. They had Congress saying they spoke for the whole of India and they had the Muslim League saying that they don’t and because they are the minority in India they should get an equal say in matters so the Congress doesn’t just make lives for the Hindus better and forget about the Muslims. However, Churchill was adamant that he wasn’t going to give India up.He didn’t even think about it. He knew that he wanted to keep it, therefore in his mind he is going to keep it, no matter what. In source 17 he strongly backs this statement up in saying â€Å"We mean to hold our own. I have not become the King’s first m inister in order to preside over liquidation of the British Empire. † This quote just shows how incredibly stubborn Churchill was in his views of handing over India’s independence. It didn’t matter what was happening around him or what was happening in India, India was England’s and he intended it to stay that way.All of these sources mention both points, in different amounts. I personally believe that it was mainly down to British imperialism that prevented India to gain independence. In the 1940’s India found it hard to find independence at all. Though I don’t believe it was all down to England. The fact that India couldn’t give an answer that related to both Muslims and Hindus meant that England lost trust in them. Gandhi was trying to claim that he was speaking for the whole country, whilst Muslims were pleading not to listen to him. It was all very confusing for the English.

When the Biblical Exodus Would Have Taken Place

When the Biblical Exodus Would Have Taken Place Exodus is not only the name of a book in the Old Testament but a momentous event for the Hebrew people- their departure from Egypt. Unfortunately, there is no easy answer as to when it occurred. Was the Exodus Real? Although there can be a chronology within the framework of a fictional story or myth, dating the events is generally impossible. To have a historical date, normally an event must be real; therefore the question must be asked as to whether or not the Exodus actually happened. Some believe the Exodus never took place because there is no physical or literary proof beyond the Bible. Others say all the proof that is needed is in the Bible. While there will always be skeptics, most assume there was some basis in historical/archaeological fact. How Do Archaeologists and Historians Date the Event? Archaeologists and historians, comparing archaeological, historical, and Biblical records, tend to date the Exodus somewhere between the 3d and 2d millennia B.C. Most favor one of three basic time frames: 16th century B.C.15th century B.C.13th century B.C. The main problem with dating the Exodus is that archaeological evidence and Biblical references do not line up. 16th, 15th Century Dating Problems Make the period of the Judges too long (300-400 years long),Involve extensive interaction with kingdoms which only came into existence laterMake no mention of the heavy local influence the Egyptians had in the area of Syria and Palestine 16th, 15th Century Support However, some Biblical evidence supports the 15th-century date, and the expulsion of the Hyksos favors the earlier date. The expulsion of the Hyksos evidence is important because it is the only historically recorded collective exodus from Egypt of people from Asia until the first millennium B.C. Advantages of the 13th Century Date The 13th century date solves the problems of the earlier ones (the period of the Judges would not be too long, there is archaeological evidence of the kingdoms the Hebrews had extensive contact with, and the Egyptians were no longer a major force in the area) and is the date accepted by more archaeologists and historians than the others. With the 13th century dating of the Exodus, settlement of Canaan by the Israelites occurs in the 12th century B.C.

Free Essays on Why Im A Liberal

The way one person perceives something is completely different from someone else. Yet everyday people make their minds up about political issues, which places them on the political spectrum, without them even knowing it. There are so many different factors that determine one’s political or social orientation. Religion, one’s upbringing, education, and one’s surroundings are by far the most influential factors that influences one’s decisions. It’s crucial to understand that so many people coexist with completely different mindsets, and thus completely different opinions on certain matters. Being raised in both a conservative and liberal environment, I believe it had strong influences on me. I was born in Western Canada, and was raised there until about the fourth grade. The conservative and liberal parties were very close to one another on the spectrum in Canada, and the only great difference was that the liberals believed in more government interven tion. The way I saw things work, and my own opinions on how social issues should be handled, led me to conclude that I’m a liberal. I believe in the goodness of man, and that the government can set him on the right path in times of need. Locke’s philosophy mirrors most of my sentiments. As I’ve lived the first fifteen years of my life I’ve met a lot of people, some kind, some greedy and some unfriendly. I’ve met so many people with unique personalities it’s astonishing. Even as early as the third grade I could start distinguishing who was who. I recognized all the stereotypes, the smart over-achievers, the popular athletes, the dumb rejects who had trouble making friends, and also many that fit many different categories with a lot of different variations. Despite how different from the conventional behavior of society the people were, I always dug through and saw the good in the person. I’ve concluded that all people are born good and ethical, that they have a consci... Free Essays on Why I'm A Liberal Free Essays on Why I'm A Liberal The way one person perceives something is completely different from someone else. Yet everyday people make their minds up about political issues, which places them on the political spectrum, without them even knowing it. There are so many different factors that determine one’s political or social orientation. Religion, one’s upbringing, education, and one’s surroundings are by far the most influential factors that influences one’s decisions. It’s crucial to understand that so many people coexist with completely different mindsets, and thus completely different opinions on certain matters. Being raised in both a conservative and liberal environment, I believe it had strong influences on me. I was born in Western Canada, and was raised there until about the fourth grade. The conservative and liberal parties were very close to one another on the spectrum in Canada, and the only great difference was that the liberals believed in more government interven tion. The way I saw things work, and my own opinions on how social issues should be handled, led me to conclude that I’m a liberal. I believe in the goodness of man, and that the government can set him on the right path in times of need. Locke’s philosophy mirrors most of my sentiments. As I’ve lived the first fifteen years of my life I’ve met a lot of people, some kind, some greedy and some unfriendly. I’ve met so many people with unique personalities it’s astonishing. Even as early as the third grade I could start distinguishing who was who. I recognized all the stereotypes, the smart over-achievers, the popular athletes, the dumb rejects who had trouble making friends, and also many that fit many different categories with a lot of different variations. Despite how different from the conventional behavior of society the people were, I always dug through and saw the good in the person. I’ve concluded that all people are born good and ethical, that they have a consci...

Business IT case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business IT - Case Study Example To successfully deliver their assigned task, UTS Student Services are expected to possess certain qualities and knowledge, together of which shall be classified as the requirements for them. First, there are supposed to have full knowledge of the functionality and operational processes that guides the use of search engines and search engine editing. By this, the service should have both the software and hardware necessary to turn an existing search account into an effective one that would reach peaks for any search entries that are made (Guo and Sanchez, 2005). What is more, it is required of the service to undertake a cleanup service that involves identifying all data and information about students that may not be considered wholesome and presentable and polishing these up or possibly replacing them with more suiting and presentation information that borders on the academic and career prospects of students. On the part of students, there are a number of requirements that they are al so expected to meet. First and foremost, students are expected to have basic understanding of the functionality of the system that is being proposed. By understanding the functionality of the system, students will be in a better position to respond to system managers in a manner that will make the work of the system managers even more effective and efficient. For instance students will be required to avoid posting images and data that are not considered to be presentable. Stakeholders as used in this report refers to all people who have a role to play in the successful planning, implementation, usage and monitoring of the system (Locker, 2000). By this, three major lines of stakeholders will be identified with a brief description of the role that each is expected to play. The first stakeholder is the university authority who is expected to be the initial financiers of the project. The university

Employment Law-Conflict Management in Organizations in paticular Essay

Employment Law-Conflict Management in Organizations in paticular countries - Essay Example Thus, conflict management strategies at the workplace aid to create a healthy and productive work environment. In light of this, the paper will evaluate and analyse conflict management strategies in Australia, China, the United Kingdom, Japan and New Zealand. Primarily, avoidance, litigation, negotiation, mediation, conciliation and arbitration are the major dispute resolution methods globally. Further, mediation, negotiation, conciliation and arbitration are all grouped under alternative dispute resolution methods (ADR). These methods aim to ensure and advance equity (justice and fairness), efficiency (effective utilisation of limited resources) and participation/inclusion in decision making at the workplace. On the other hand, there are basically two types of conflicts; collective and individual conflicts. In the United Kingdom, there is a drastic decrease in collective action. Therefore, strike actions and use of unions is on the decline. Collective conciliation has for more than 100 years been part and parcel of the workplace/industrial relations setting. However, its application in dispute resolution between employers and groups of employers in the United Kingdom has been on the decline. Its popularity has been affected by an increasing experience of employee representatives and Human Resource, the current nature of trade unions and the statutory employment framework-the main players in collective conciliation (Colquitt, Jet al. 2001). Consequently, there has been a rise in an individualistic approach to conflict resolution. Individualism unlike collectivism which places more value on the group, places more significance on the individual’s interests. Therefore, individual arbitration is becoming more embraced in the United Kingdom than in the past where collectivism was a mo re preferable approach. Also, human resource managers in organisations presently tend to solve most individual conflicts at the workplace in the United Kingdom (Tinsley, C.

Explain some theory that you have read about in relation to the Essay

Explain some theory that you have read about in relation to the pricing of products and discuss its usefulness - Essay Example In the marketplace, they encounter a wide array of vendors and product offerings with a complex variety of benefits, prices, terms, and promotional messages. Research findings suggest that much of what people do when they buy products and services follows a definite logic. They look for cues to help simplify decision making, and often rely on simple rules of thumb. Correspondingly, it is possible to identify patterns of behavior in the way buyers go about satisfying their needs (Morris, Morris, 1990). The business must consider the customers perception of price implementing strategies such as positioning, price points and fair pricing. Price alone can be used in several ways to attract customers. There are two opposing strategies to the pricing of a product. If the business expects to be the low-cost leader, it must price (position) lower than the competition. If it wants to signal high quality, it should price products higher than most of the competition. Some manufacturers and reta ilers use price as a signal of quality. Consumers often have few indicators of quality, so price may be perceived as one of the better available cues.   By studied these various psychological aspects of consumer behavior, it becomes possible to price products and services to be of maximum appeal to the target market. Certain brands and retailers position themselves as providing value and quality at a low cost. These retailers rely on loss leaders to get consumers in the door knowing that once in, consumers are more likely to shop for other things as well. There are certain specific prices (price-points) at which people become more willing to buy a certain type of product. ‘Under  £100’ is a popular price point. An amount below  £20 including sales tax is another popular price point because it is the most popular denomination of money that people typically carry with them.

Maori Culture Essay Example for Free

Maori Culture Essay Abstract The Maori, which means ordinary or common, arrived in New Zealand in the 14th century. Polynesian by descent, they came from the mythical land of Hawaiki, believed by many experts to be a combination of places, including Tahiti, Samoa, Hawaii and the Cook Islands. Upon arriving in New Zealand, the Maori dubbed the picturesque land Aotearoa, or land of the long white cloud. The Maori Culture The Maori like many other Pacific Islanders started their journey in a canoe. Living on an island afforded the Maori with a unique and diverse culture that is still evident in Modern day New Zealand. In the next few pages I will give you a brief glimpse of the Maori way of life then and now. I will discuss the belief and value system, gender roles, healing the sick and also the impact of Colonialism on the Maori way of life. There are three basic beliefs and values of the Maori. I nga wa o Mua, Whakapapa and Mana. I nga wa o Mu. Maori believe that ancestors and supernatural beings are ever-present and able to help the tribe in times of need. The Maori world view is to look in front of us to the past for guidance as that is where we came from. It was because of this philosophy that the Maori did not conveniently forget about the Treaty of Waitangi once it was signed. Through facing the past they can learn from past mistakes and not repeat them. This concept is totally reversed in other cultures, who try to encourage them to forget about the past and to put things behind them Whakapapa Whakapapa translated means genealogy. The Maori believe that everything and everyone are connected and therefore a part of their Whakapapa. Whakapapa includes genealogies of spiritual and mythological significance, as well as information about the persons tribe and the land he or she lives on. The Whakapapa is passed down orally in the form of stories. One of the most famous stories is story of the creation of Aotearoa. Aotearoa was pulled from the sea by the demi god Maui. Maui was the last of five brothers and was known to be clever. He hid in the canoe of his brothers and when they would not give him bait to fish he took his magical hook and slashed his face and smeared the blood on his hook so that his blood would attract the fish. Smelling the blood the god of the sea gave Maui his biggest fish. Maui asked his brothers to not cut up and eat the fish until proper arrangements had been made to appease and thank the gods for their gift. While Maui was on land trying to pull the boat to shore his brothers started to cut the fish because it started to move. That is why Aotearoa the fish and the mountains and the valleys are where Maui’s brothers tried to cut the fish. Mana According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, Mana is â€Å"Among Polynesian and Melanesian peoples, a supernatural force or power that may be ascribed to persons, spirits, or inanimate objects. Mana may be good or evil, beneficial or dangerous, but it is not impersonal; it is never spoken of except in connection with powerful beings or things. The term was first used in the 19th century in the West in connection with religion, but mana is now regarded as a symbolic way of expressing the special qualities attributed to persons of status in a hierarchical society, of providing sanction for their actions, and of explaining their failures†. The Maori believe in three forms of Mana. The first type of Mana is the Mana that you have when you are born. This Mana comes from your Whakapapa and can attribute to the rank and status of your descendants. This Mana is not only the ancestor themselves but also the deeds that they did and the skills, traits and abilities taught to them by their tupuna (elders). The second type of Mana is Mana given to you by other people. Today there are people who seek Mana and deliberately go around trying to gain Mana by telling people about their own importance. There is a Maori saying: â€Å" The Kumara does not talk about its’ own sweetness.† But Mana seekers do exactly that. Humbleness is a very highly valued trait in the Maori world. Many of the great leaders are very humble people, hence part of their greatness. The Maori people sing their praises, thereby heightening their Mana. You will never hear the great leaders singing their own praises. It is not that they are trying to be humble; it is that they just are. The third type of Mana is Mana from the group. The best example I could come up with is the Mana of the marae. The marae is the sacred courtyard that you must be formally invited to enter for the first time. The marae is where challenges are met and issues are debated. When you stay on a Marae all are treated well and fed great food. When the visitor leaves they tell everyone about the great time they had thus increasing the Mana of the marae. If they tell everyone they were treated ill and unkind then the Mana of the marae decreases. Traditional Maori folklore focuses on oppositions between pairs, such as earth and sky, life and death, and male and female. From the time of creation the original couple, Rangi (sky) and Papa (earth) were locked in sexual union until the god Tane was able to push them apart and provide for the creation of human life. So as you can see opposition existed before the creation of human life according to Maori traditional stories. It then would suffice that opposition would exist throughout Maori culture. Premarital sexual relationships were considered normal for Maori adolescents. Both males and females were expected to have a series of private relationships before they married. When Maori females became sexually active, they were to publicly acknowledge this so that they could become tattooed. Tattooing marked their ritual and public passage into adulthood. It was also considered extremely attractive and erotic. Tattooing among the Maori was highly developed and extremely symbolic. Maori facial tattoos were created by two methods. One was by piercing and pigmenting the skin with a tattooing comb. The other was by creating permanent grooves in the face with a chisel-like instrument. . Females were also tattooed in Maori society. Female facial tattooing was known as ta ngutu. Designs were placed on the chin and lips. When it comes to sickness and healing in Maori culture things were very different before Colonization. In traditional times before the colonization of New Zealand, Maori saw science and religion as the same entity and believed that illnesses were caused by supernatural sources. Maori had a good concept of anatomy, physiology and the use of plants for healing; however there was an undefined distinction between the mind and body. Maori believed an evil spirit or a type of witchcraft would attack an individual to cause ill-health as a punishment for breaking the tapu (sacred restriction) of the family that the spirit belonged to. This type of illness was called mate atua (disease of the gods) since there was no obvious physical cause. The individual would experience pain, weakness, loss of appetite, malaise, fever and occasionally delirium due to possession of the spirit. When Captain James Cook colonized New Zealand in 1830 he brought with him, evasive plants and animals as well as guns, alcohol and diseases that the Maori were previously exposed to. New Zealand’s isolation meant that the Maori people lacked immunity to bacterial and viral infections that were common in other countries. The Maori found that their healing methods were ineffective against the new diseases and had to rely on the medicines of the missionaries. The effectiveness and popularity of the missionaries’ medicines assisted in the conversion of Maori to Christianity. It appeared to the Maori that the Christian god had superior powers and this attributed to the health and prosperity of the Europeans. The fundamentals of Maori society, culture, religion and medicine became strained as religion was involved in their everyday lives and many of their beliefs were based upon it. The people began to lose their Mana due to the shift of religion and the spread of Western knowledge undermining the tohunga’s ( spiritual leader) authority The downfall of the whare wananga (school of learning) was also due to conflict between Maori religion and Christianity. In 1907 the Tohunga Supression Act was passed due to concern being raised over the practice and safety of some tohunga. Maori healing was seen as ‘dangerous’ by Western modern medicine as it was not scientifically proven. The Tohunga Suppression Act was repealed in 1962 however this had little significance as some tohunga had practiced throughout the 20th century especially in remote rural areas of the country. Tohunga are still significant in current Rongoa Maori however modern tohunga have not been trained in traditional methods giving them a position of authority and prestige however they are still recognized as experts in their field. Many modern tohunga showed potential in their childhood by spending time with their elders and learning tribal and cultural lore. They then became an apprentice under an established tohunga to learn their expertise Current Maori healthcare is based on a holistic model that incorporates the physical, emotional, family and spiritual aspects of health. Each aspect must be treated or used to ensure full recovery of a patient. The current function of modern tohunga is varied. Conventional medicine is incorporated into the tohunga’s practice however traditional methods of karakia (chants) and inoi (prayer) are still extensively used. Native plants for medicinal purposes are widely used however application of uses varies between each practitioner. References 1. Franklin- Barbajosa, Cassandra. Tattoo: Pigments of Imagination. National Geographic News. March 7, 2008. http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0412/online_extra.html 2. Maori.org.nz. http://www.maori.org.nz/ 3. Moriori. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9053755/Morior 4. The Legend of Maui. http://www.sacredtexts.com/pac/maui/maui04.htm 5. The Definition of Mana. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mana 6. Maori Colonization. http://www.heritagehistory.com/www/heritage.php?Dir=erasFileName=britain_11.php

The Cause, Course, and Consequences of world War II :: World War II WWII WW2

World War II, or the Second World War, was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including all of the great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. The Allied Powers consisted of the British Empire, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the United States of America was known as â€Å"The Big Three†. The Axis Powers consisted of Germany, Italy, and Japan, they were part of a military alliance on the signing of the Tripartite Pact in September 1940. There were many causes of World War II. Germany wanted to expand in Europe. Italy wanted to expand in Africa. Japan wanted to expand in Asia & the Pacific. Other causes of the War include: the Treaty of Versailles, rise of dictatorship in Italy and Germany, expansionist policy of the Axis Powers, policy of Appeasement, and the weakness of the League of Nations. Hitler made clear to his generals that victory was the only important thing in war. Victory and Stalemate: while Hitler continued to move his troops eastward, Britain refused to back down under Churchill and Hitler was forced to invade Britain. The British rebuilt the air force and inflicted major losses on the Luffwaffe. Germany had lost the Battle of Britain and postponed the invasion of Britain. War in Asia: Dec. 7, 1941- Pearl Harbor attack. Also attacks on Philippines and advances on Malaya. US declared war on Japan the next day. The Turning Point (1942-1943): The Grand Alliance was created when the U.S. entered. June 4th, Battle of Midway Island, American planes destroyed all 4 attacking Japanese aircraft carriers est. Am. naval superiority in Pacific. Bitter engagements near the Solomon Islands led to faded Japanese fortunes. The Last Years: Axis forces first surrendered in Tunisia on May 13, 1943. Japan surrendered unconditionally on Aug. 14th 1945†¦.marking the end of WWII.

World War I :: World War I

World War I, also known as the Great War, was a global war which took place primarily in Europe from 1914 to 1918. The immediate cause of the World War I was the June 28, 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb citizen of Austria-Hungary and member of the Black Hand. The retaliation by Austria-Hungary against the monarchy of Serbia activated a series of alliances that set off a chain reaction of war declarations. Within a month, much of Europe was in a state of open warfare. And World War II or the Second World War was a global military conflict, the joining of what had initially been two separate conflicts. The first began in Asia in 1937 as the Second Sino-Japanese War; the other began in Europe in 1939 with the German invasion of Poland World War I was fought by two major alliances. The Entente Powers initially consisted of France, England, Russia, and their associated empires. Numerous other states joined these allies, most notably Italy in April 1915, and the United States in April 1917. The Central Powers, named because of their central location on the European continent, initially consisted of Germany and Austria-Hungary and their associated empires. The Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers in October 1914, followed a year later by Bulgaria. By the conclusion of the war; only The Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain and the Scandinavian nations remained officially neutral among the European countries, though many of those provided financial and material support to one side or the other. World War II was also fought by two major alliances, the Allied and Axis power. The AXIS powers consisted of Germany, Italy (changed sides and split in half 1943) Hungary, Romania Bulgaria, Finland (changed sides 1945) Spain was meant to be neutral but they helped Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy and sent troops to fight alongside the Germans in Russia. The major Allied Powers were Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, the United States, and China. The fighting of World War I mostly took place along several fronts that broadly encircled the European continent. The Western Front was marked by a system of trenches, breastworks, and fortifications separated by an area known as no man's land. These defenses stretched 475 miles and precipitated a style of fighting known as trench warfare. On the Eastern Front, the vastness of the eastern plains and the limited railroad network prevented the stalemate of the Western Front, though the scale of the conflict was just as large.